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THE CONJUNCTION

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THE CONJUNCTION A conjunction is a word which joins sentences with each other. वे शब्द जो शब्दों या वाक्यों को आपस में जोड़ते हैं संयोजक कहलाते हैं। निम्नलिखित कुछ conjunctions हैं जैसे and (और), as (जैसे), but (लेकिन), before (पहले, because (क्योंकि), after (बाद में ), if (अगर), or (या),otherwise (अन्यथा), that (कि), though (यद्यपि),then (जबकि), till (तक), unless (जब तक कि), while(जबकि), which ( जोकि), when (जब , therefore(अत:), So (इसलिए), as well as (तथा), either-or (या तो या), neither nor (ना तो-ना ही) etc. . (a) Rita and Gita are sisters. (b) live in Bhopal which is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. (c) Anit is rich but Hari is poor . (d) Walk fast or you will miss the bus. (e) He was so tired that he could not walk. (f) He was ill, therefore he could not come to school.

NUMBERS - SINGULAR AND PLURAL

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NUMBRS : SINGULAR & PLURAL (एक वचन और बहु वचन )- वह संज्ञा जो किसी एक व्यक्ति या वस्तु के लिए प्रयुक्त होती है एकवचन संज्ञा कहलाती है। (SingularNoun) जैसे—Boy,chair, man आदि। (Plural Noun) -  वह संज्ञा जो एक से अधिक व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के लिए प्रयुक्त होती है बहुवचन संज्ञा कहलाती है।  जैसे—Boys, Chairs, men आदि। Singular से Plural बनाना 1. By adding 's' to the singular nouns as : boy--boys, girl-grils, dog-dogs, etc. 2. By adding 'es' as : brush--brushes, box-boxes, gas-gases etc. 3. By changing 'y' into 'ies' as : pony---ponies, lady---ladies, city-cities etc. 4. By changing 'f' into 'ves' as : thief -thieves, calf - calves,  leaf - leaves etc. 5. By change in the vowel as : man -men, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice etc.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

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English में दो प्रकार की voice होती है - Active voice and passive voice eg. we drink milk . (active)         हम दूध पीते हैं ।         Milk is drunk by us. (passive)         हमारे द्वारा दूध पिया जा रहा है । Rules :- 1. without object ( बिना object ) वाले sentence का passive नहीं बनता है। जैसे - * Radha is weeping. * He is sleeping. etc. 2. future continuous ( will/shall be ) and perfect continuous के तीनों tense (has/have been,had been and will/shall have been ) की voice नहीं बदलती है। active से passive में बदलते समय वाक्य में जो बदलाव होते हैं वे चित्रानुसार है :-

GENDER

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GENDER (लिंग) परिभाषा-Noun के जिस रूप से यह पता चले कि Noun पुरुष है, स्त्री है या निर्जीव है उसे Gender कहते हैं। Kinds of Gender (लिंग के भेद) 1. Masculine Gender (पुल्लिंग)—इन संज्ञा शब्दों से पुरुषत्व का बोध होता है, जैसे—Ram,boy,man, father,brother, king etc. 2 . Feminine Gender (स्त्रीलिंग)—इन संज्ञा शब्दों से नारी अथवा स्त्रीत्व का बोध होता है, जैसे -girl, woman,mother, queen, sister, etc. 3. Neuter Gender (अलिंग)—इन संज्ञा शब्दों से निर्जीव वस्तुओं का बोध होता है, जैसे—book pen, table,room,house, etc. 4. Common Gender (उभयलिंग)—इन संज्ञा शब्दों से नर व नारी दोनों का बोध होता है, जैसेchild, teacher,doctor, enemy etc.

ARTICLES

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Table of Articles NUMBER - INDEFINITE - DEFINITE Singular -  a / an           -  the Plural      -   nothing       -  the Non-Count - nothing        - the HINTS TO USE ARTICLES * a before consonants (a book) an before vowels (an exam) * Pronunciation is what matters. an hour ('h' is silent and it's pronounced: an our) * Temporary illnesses: (I have a headache, a cold, a fever, a backache) * " The" with superlative forms (He is the smartest kid I have seen.)

ANTONYMS

ANTONYMS ( विपरितार्थी शब्द) Antonyms are the words that are opposite in meaning . (विपरीत अर्थ वाले शब्द विपरीतार्थक शब्द कहलाते हैं।) 1. Sleep (सोना) - awake (जागना) 2. quite (शान्त) - noisy (शोरयुक्त ) 3. rough (खुरदरा) - smooth (चिकना) 4. lazy (आलसी) - hard worker (परिश्रमी) 5. foolish ( मूर्ख )- wise (बुद्धिमान) 6. wild (जंगली) - tame/ domestic (पालतू) 7. Sharp (तेज)-  blunt ( भोथरा) 8. hard (कठोर) - soft( कोमल) 9. friend (दोस्त) - enemy (शत्रु ) 10 . strong (ताकतवर) - weak (कमजोर) 11. Heavy (भारी) - light (हल्का) 12.find (पाना ) - lose (खोना) 13. Inside (अन्दर) -outside (बाहर) 14, loose ( ढीला) - tight (कसा हुआ) 15, high (ऊचा)-  low (नीचा) 16. north (उत्तर) - South (दक्षिण 7. small (छोटा) - big (बड़ा) 18. up (ऊपर) - down (नीचे) 19. Alot of (बहुत अधिक) - little (थोड़ा) 20. good (अच्छा)-  bad (बुरा) 21. easy (आसान) - dificult (कठिन) 22. day (दिन) - night ( रात) 23.dirty (गन्दा) - clean (साफ) 24. hot (गरम) - cold (ठण्डा) 25 honest (ईमानदार) - dishonest (ब

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SYNONYMS

  SYNONYMS (समानार्थक शब्द) Synonyms are the words which are similar or identical in meaning. (समानार्थक शब्दों का अर्थ है समान अर्थ वाले शब्दI) 1. dangerous (खतरनाक) - risky 2. deceive (धोखा) - cheat 3. decrease (कम करना) - reduce 4. defeat (हार)- Vanquish 5. dermonstrate (दिखाना)- show 6. difficult (मुश्किल) - tough 7, dig (खोदना)- excavate 8. disappear (गायब) - vanish 9. disaster (प्रलय)- calamity 10 disease (बीमारी) - sickess 11. disperse (लाना)- scatter 12drowsy (घना) - sleepy 13, drunk (पीए हुआ)- intoxicated 14. dull (सुस्त) - gloomy 15. eager (उत्सुक) - keen 16. edible (खाने योग्य) - eatable 17. educate (पढ़ाना)-  teach 18. embrace (गले लगना) - hug 19. enemy (दुश्मन) - foe 20. enomous (बहुत बड़ा) - huge 21. enough (काफी) - sufficient. 22. entire (पूरा) - whole 23. excess (ज्यादा)  - surplus 24. exhibit दिखाना) - show 25. expect (उम्मीद) - anticipate 26. exterior (बाहरी) - outside 27.extravagance (खर्चीलापन) - Wastefulness 28. fall (गिरना) - drop

HOMOPHONE WORLD

HOMOPHONES Homophones are words that sound alike but have completely diferente meaning. (Homophone - वे शब्द जो उच्चारण में समान लगते हैं परन्तु अर्थ में भिन्न होते हैं।) 1. सी - Sea, see Sea-The ship is sailing on the sea. See - see with my eyes. 2. सैल - Sale, Sail Sale-Bachoomal has the largest sale. Sail - Children sail boats in a pond 3. सेल - Sell, Cell Sele - He sells vegetables. Cell - He lives in a small cel. 4. न्यू - Knew, new Knew - He knew my name. New - we wear new clothcs on Diwali. 5. देयर -There, their There - There are four students in the class. Their - Their do their work. 6. पीस - Peace, Piece Peace --There was peace in the forest. Piece - He gave me a piece of cake. 7. ब्लयू - Blue, Blew Blue - The sky is blue. Blew - He blew a whisle. 8. हर्ड-  Heard, herd Heard - heard a great noise. Herd - A herd of cows was gazing. 9.  राइट - Right, write Right - He knew the right answer. Write - write with myleft hand. 10 हेअर - Hare,hair Hare

one word substitution

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION  (अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द) I. One who takes care of your teeth - Dentist 2. A person who uses a type writer - Typist 3. One who flies a plane- pilot 4. A person who sells medicines - chemist 5. One who travels in public transport like bus,Passenger train or plane- passenger 6. A person who pays rent for the use of a house- Tanant 7. One who sells goods for his company -  Agent 8. One who makes wooden furniture- Carpenter 9. A worman expeting to give birth to a baby - Pregngnt 10 . Place where you were born - motherland 11. A person who fights cases in court -  Lawyer 12. An oficial letter to make a arrest or search - warrant 13. A person in an officer or shop who is incharge of money - cashier 14. One who teaches - Teacher 15 .  The flight of birds from One part of the world to another - Migration 16. A person who makes breads, cakes etc. -  Baker 17. One who is incharge of a part of a news paper and magazine -  Editor 18 . A person who cuts

PREFIX

PREFIX It is a letter or s group of letters at the beginnig of a werd to letter Its meaning. (वे शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द से पहले जोड़े जाते हैं उन्हें उपसर्ग कहते है। ये शब्द का अर्थ बदल देते हैं।) Dis + agree (सहमत ) = Disagree (असहमत) dis + order( क्रम से)  = disorder (बिना क्रम के) dis + honour (सम्मान)  = dishonour (अपमान) dis + own (निजी) = disown (निजी नहीं) dis + honest (ईमानदार) = dishonest (बेईमान) dis + cover (आवरण ) = discover (खोज) Re + write (लिखना ) =  rewrite (दुबारा लिखना) re + play (खेलना)  = replay (दुबारा करना) un + happy (खुश) = unhappy (दुखी) un+ wanted (पसंद का ) = unwanted (न पसंद) Mis + guide (रास्ता दिखाना) = misguided (रास्ते से भटकाना) Mis + inform (सूचना देना)= misinform (गलत सूचना देना) Mis + manage (प्रबंध करना)= mismanag (प्रबंध बिगाड़ ना) Mie + use (उपयोग )= misuse (गलत उपयोग) Mis + place (जगह पर) = misplace (गलत जगह पर) Mis + pronounce (उच्चारण) = mispronounce (गलत उच्चारण) up + stream = upstream Up + root = uproot up + set (व्यवस्थित)

SUFFIX

SUFFIX (प्रत्यय ) Aletter or group of letters added at the end of a word  to form a derivative. (जो शब्दांश Primary word के अन्त में जोड़े जायें उसे Suffix कहते हैं।) जैसे-. comfort + able = comfortable Agree + able = agreeable Work + able = workable profit + able = profitable read + able = readable good + ness - goodness Sweet + nss = sweetness truth + full = truthful skill + full = skilful fear। + full = fearful Beauty + fall = beautiful Duty + full = dutiful Cheer + full =  cheerful meaning + full = meaningful fear+ full = fearful Marry + age = marriage Prefer + able = preferable Heal + th =  health Steat + th = stealth Book + ish = bookish Child + ish = childish fool + ish, =foolish style + ish = stylish change +able =changeable deep +en  = deepen Broad  + en = boarden Sun + day = Sunday friend + ship = friendship invent + ion = invention free + dom = freedom Bore+ dom = boredom King + dom = kingdom star + dom = stardom Hero + ism = Heroism kin

SILENT LETTERS

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SILENT LETTER S वे शब्दांश जो लिखे तो जाते हैं पर बोले नहीं जाते,मूक शब्दांश (silent letter ) कहलाता है। 1. K nife - नाइफ - चाकू 2. K now - नो - जानना 3. H onest - ऑनेस्ट- ईमानदार 4. H our - ऑवर - घंटा 5. H onour - ऑनर - सम्मान 6. W hole - होल - सभी 7. w rite - राइट - लिखना 8. w ring - रिंग - 9. K nowledge - नॉलेज - जानकारी 10. De b t - डेट 11. Wa l k - वाक 12. Ta l k - टाक 13. Su b tle - सटल 14. W rong - रॉन्ग 15. Ha l f - हाफ 16. Ca l f - काफ 17. W h ile -वाईल 18. Cou l d - कुड 19. Wou l d - वुड 20. Dou b t - डाउट- संदेश 21. K not - नॉट - गाँठ 22. Rei g n -रेन 23. P sychology - साइकोलॉजी - मनोविज्ञान 24. Ju d ge - जज - न्यायाधीश 25. depo t - डिपो 26. Of t en - अफन - कभी कभार 27. Chil d ren - चिल्ड्रन - बच्चे 28. Lis t en - लिसन- सुनना

sounds of animals

SOUNDS OF ANIMALS (जानवरों की ध्वनियाँ) 1. Dogs -  Bark 2. Cats -  mew 3. Horses -neigh 4. Elephants- trumpet 5. Donkeys - bray 6. Monkeys - chatter 7. Birds - chirp 8. Pigs - grunt 9. Lions - roar 10. Goats/sheep -bleat 11. Ducks - quack 12. Frogs - croack 13. Cows - moo 14. Snakes - hiss 15. Hens - cackle 16. Rats - squeak 17. Bees.- buzz 18. Cocks - crow 19. crows - caw 20. Claves - bleat 21. Pigeons - coo 22. owls - hoot 23. Apes - gibber 28. Hawks - scream 25. Foxes - yelp 26. Larks - sing